Table I: SCANS' Five Competencies
Resources: Identifies, organizes, plans, and allocates resources
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- Time - selects goal-relevant activities, ranks them, allocates time, and prepares and follows schedules
- Money - uses or prepares budgets, makes forecasts, keeps records, and makes adjustments to meet objectives
- Material and facilities - acquires, stores, allocates, and uses materials or space efficiently
- Human resources - assesses skills and distributes work accordingly, evaluates performance and provides feedback
Interpersonal: Works with others
- Participates as member of a team - contributes to group effort
- Teaches others new skills
- Services clients/customers - works to satisfy customers expectations
- Exercises leadership - communicates ideas to justify position, persuades and convinces others, responsibly challenges existing procedures and policies
- Negotiates - works toward agreements involving exchange of resources, resolves divergent interests
- Works with diversity - works well with men and women from diverse backgrounds
Information: Acquires and evaluates information
- Acquires and evaluates information
- Organizes and maintains information
- Interprets and communicates information
- Uses computers to process information
Systems: Understands complex interrelationships
- Understands systems - knows how social, organizational, and technological systems work and operates effectively with them
- Monitors and corrects performance - distinguishes trends, predicts impacts on system operations, diagnoses deviations in systems performance and corrects malfunctions
- Improves or designs systems - suggests modifications to existing systems and develops new or alternative systems to improve performance
Technology: Works with a variety of technologies
- Selects technology - chooses procedures, tools, or equipment including computers and related technologies
- Applies technology to task - understands intent and proper procedures for setup and operation of equipment
- Maintains and troubleshoots equipment - prevents, identifies, or solves problems with equipment, including computers and other technologies
Table 2: A Three-Part Foundation of SCANS Skills and Personal Qualities
Basic Skills: Reads, writes, performs arithmetic and mathematical operations, listens, and speaks
- Reading - locates, understands, and interprets written information in prose and in documents such as manuals, graphs, and schedules
- Writing - communicates thoughts, ideas, information, and messages in writing; and creates documents such as letters, directions, manuals, reports, graphs, and flow charts
- Arithmetic/mathematics - performs basic computations and approaches practical problems by choosing appropriately from a variety of mathematical techniques
- Listening - receives, attends to, interprets, and responds to verbal messages and other cues
- Speaking - organizes ideas and communicates orally
Thinking Skills: Thinks creatively, makes decisions, solves problems, visualizes, knows how to learn, and reasons
- Creative thinking - generates new ideas
- Decision making - specifies goals and constraints, generates alternatives, considers risks, and evaluates and chooses best alternatives
- Problem solving - recognizes problems and devises and implements plan of action
- Visualizing - organizes and processes symbols
- Knowing how to learn - uses efficient learning techniques to acquire and apply new knowledge and skills
- Reasoning - discovers a rule or principle underlying the relationship between two or more objects and applies it when solving a problem
Personal Qualities: Responsibility, self-esteem, sociability, self-management, integrity, and honesty
- Responsibility - exerts a high level of effort and perseveres towards goal attainment
- Self-esteem - believes in own self-worth and maintains a positive view of self
- Sociability - demonstrates understanding, friendliness, adaptability, empathy, and politeness in group settings
- Self-management - assesses self accurately, sets personal goals, monitors progress, and exhibits self-control
- Integrity/honesty - chooses ethical courses of action
Tables excerpted from What Work Requires of Schools: A SCANS Report for America 2000, U.S. Department of Labor, June 1991, pp. xvii-xviii.